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Python不仅是一门编程语言，并且还常常被用来完成运维工作。几句简单的脚本，就可以自动完成很多任务。
因为误删而丢失的情况经常发生，定期备份重要文件和文件夹是一种非常有效的方案。但是如果文件较大的话，就需要耗费大量时间成本，为了避免每天重复复制粘贴的无聊操作，可以使用以下Python脚本自动完成。
复制脚本可以根据设置的间隔自动复制指定文件(文件夹)，并记录相关日志信息，方便起见将复制脚本命名为”sync.py”。
本示例程序包含如下三个文件：
Sync.py：主程序，用于完成自动复制
Sync.ini：配置文件
Logger.py：日志记录模块
同时，sync.py主程序还会创建一个Sync.log文件用于记录复制日志。主程序示例如下：
import configparser
import time
import shutil
import hashlib
from distutils.dir_util import copy_tree
from collections import OrderedDict
import os
import Logger
def ConfRead():
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(“Sync.ini”)
return (dict(config.items(“Para”)))
def md5(fname,size=4096):
hash_md5 = hashlib.md5()
with open(fname,”rb”) as f:
for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(size),b””):
hash_md5.update(chunk)
return hash_md5.hexdigest()
def CopyDir(fromDir,toDir):
copy_tree(fromDir,toDir)
def CopyFiles(fromFile,path_to_copy):
shutil.copy(fromFile,path_to_copy)
def OriginalFiles():
drive = All_Config.get(“from”)
Files_Dict = OrderedDict()
print(drive)
for root,dir,files in os.walk(drive,topdown=True):
for file in files:
file = file.lower()
file_path = root +’\\’+file
try:
hash_mark = md5(file_path,size=4096)
rel_path = file_path.strip(drive)
Files_Dict[(hash_mark,rel_path)]= file_path
except Exception as e :
Logger.logger.error(‘Error Original files: {0}’.format(e))
return Files_Dict
def Destination():
Files_Dict = OrderedDict()
_from = All_Config.get(“from”)
_to = All_Config.get(“to”)
_dir = _from.rsplit(“\\”,)[1]
drive = _to+”\\”+_dir
print(drive)
try:
if os.path.isdir(drive):
for root,dir,files in os.walk(drive,topdown=True):
for file in files:
file = file.lower()
file_path = root+”\\”+file
try:
hash_mark = md5(file_path,size=4096)
rel_path = file_path.strip(drive)
Files_Dict[(hash_mark,rel_path)]=file_path
except Exception as e:
Logger.logger.error(‘Error Destination for loop: {0}’.format(e))
return Files_Dict
else:
CopyDir(_from,drive)
Logger.logger.info(‘Full folder: {0} copied’.format(_from))
return None
except Exception as e :
Logger.logger.error(‘Error Destination: {0}’.format(e))
def LogicCompare():
_from = All_Config.get(“from”)
_to = All_Config.get(“to”)
Dest_dict = Destination()
if Dest_dict:
Source_dict = OriginalFiles()
remaining_files = set(Source_dict.keys())- set(Dest_dict.keys())
remaining_files = [Source_dict.get(k) for k in remaining_files]
for file_path in remaining_files:
try:
Logger.logger.info(‘File: {0}’.format(file_path))
dir, file = file_path.rsplit(“\\”,1)
rel_dir = _from.rsplit(“\\”,1)[1]
rel_dir1 = dir.replace(_from,””)
dest_dir = _to
if not os.path.isdir(dest_dir):
os.makedirs(dest_dir)
CopyFiles(file_path, dest_dir)
except Exception as e:
Logger.logger.error(‘Error LogicCompare: {0}’.format(e))
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
All_Config = ConfRead()
Freq = int(All_Config.get(“freq”))*60
Total_time = int(All_Config.get(“total_time”))*60
repeat = int(Total_time/Freq)
i =1
while True:
if i >= repeat:
break
LogicCompare()
time.sleep(Freq)
i = i +1
程序首先读取配置文件，然后根据配置内容浏览源文件夹和目标文件夹，并根据文件名进行比较，最后进行复制备份。根据需要，需要文件内容如下：
[Para]
From = D:\Test
To = D:\Backup
Freq = 1
Total_time = 5
程序执行后就会根据设置的时间间隔和频率进行检测和备份，不需要人工干预。日志文件如下所示：
2018-12-25 11:43:03,651-INFO-Full folder: D:\Test copied
2018-12-25 11:43:33,300-INFO-File: D:\Test\test3.bmp
2018-12-25 11:43:33,322-INFO-File: D:\Test\test1.bmp
2018-12-25 11:43:33,347-INFO-File: D:\Test\test2.bmp